Thursday, July 5, 2018

Surah 89 Al-Fajr - سورة الفجر (Melayu) Ringkasan

0 Comments
Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Surah Al-Fajr (Fajar)
Surah Makkiyyah; Surah ke 89: 30 ayat

An-Nasa-I  meriwayatkan dari Jabir, dia berkata, Mu’adz pernah mengerjakan shalat, lalu ada orang yang datang mengerjakan shalat bersamanya, maka Mu’adz memanjangkan shalat. Maka dia mengerjakan shalat sendiri di satu sudut masjid.  Kemudian dia kembali lagi dan sampailah berita itu kepada Mu’adz, maka Mu’adz berkata: “Dia adalah orang munafik.” Selanjutnya hal itu disampaikan kepada Rasulullah saw. maka anak muda itu bertanya kepada Rasulullah: “Wahai Rasulullah, aku datang untuk mengerjakan shalat, lalu dia memanjangkan shalatnya sehingga aku mundur  dan mengerjakan sendiri di salah satu sudut masjid, sedang aku telah menambatkan untaku.” Maka Rasulullah saw. bersabda: “Apakah engkau ingin membuat fitnah, wahai Mu’adz? Mengapa engkau tidak membaca Sabbihisma rabbikal a’laa atau wasy syamsi wa dluhaaHaa atau wal fajr atau wal laili idzaa yaghsyaa ?”
tulisan arab alquran surat al fajr ayat 1-14“bismillaaHir rahmaanir rahiim. 1. demi fajar, 2. dan malam yang sepuluh[1572], 3. dan yang genap dan yang ganjil, 4. dan malam bila berlalu. 5. pada yang demikian itu terdapat sumpah (yang dapat diterima) oleh orang-orang yang berakal. 6. Apakah kamu tidak memperhatikan bagaimana Tuhanmu berbuat terhadap kaum ‘Aad? 7. (yaitu) penduduk Iram yang mempunyai Bangunan-bangunan yang tinggi[1573], 8. yang belum pernah dibangun (suatu kota) seperti itu, di negeri-negeri lain, 9. dan kaum Tsamud yang memotong batu-batu besar di lembah[1574], 10. dan kaum Fir’aun yang mempunyai pasak-pasak (tentara yang banyak), 11. yang berbuat sewenang-wenang dalam negeri, 12. lalu mereka berbuat banyak kerusakan dalam negeri itu, 13. karena itu Tuhanmu menimpakan kepada mereka cemeti azab, 14. Sesungguhnya Tuhanmu benar-benar mengawasi.”  (al-Fajr: 1-14)
[1572] Malam yang sepuluh itu ialah malam sepuluh terakhir dari bulan Ramadhan. dan ada pula yang mengatakan sepuluh yang pertama dari bulan Muharram Termasuk di dalamnya hari Asyura. ada pula yang mengatakan bahwa malam sepuluh itu ialah sepuluh malam pertama bulan Zulhijjah.
[1573] Iram ialah ibukota kaum ‘Aad.
[1574] Lembah ini terletak di bagian utara Jazirah Arab antara kota Madinah dan Syam. mereka memotong-motong batu gunung untuk membangun gedung-gedung tempat tinggal mereka dan ada pula yang melubangi gunung-gunung untuk tempat tinggal mereka dan tempat berlindung.
Adapun kata al-fajr telah diketahui maknanya, yaitu waktu shubuh. Demikian yang dikemukakan oleh ‘Ali, Ibnu ‘Abbas, dari Masruq, dan Muhammad bin Ka’ab. Yang dimaksud dalam ayat ini adalah waktu fajar pada hari raya kurban, khusunya, yang merupakan penutup malam yang ke sepuluh. Dan yang dimaksud dengan “malam yang sepuluh” adalah sepuluh hari pertama di bulan Dzulhijjah, sebagaimana yang dikatakan oleh Ibnu ‘Abbas, Ibnuz Zubair, Mujahid, dan lain-lain dari kalangan kaum Salaf dan Khalaf.  Dan dalam kitab Shahih al-Bukhari telah disebutkan riwayat Ibnu ‘Abbas secara marfu’: “Tidak ada hari-hari beramal shalih yang lebih disukai Allah daripada hari-hari ini.”
Yakni, sepuluh hari di bulan Dzulhijjah. Para shahabat bertanya: “Tidak juga jihad di jalan Allah?” Beliau menjawab: “Tidak juga jihad di jalan Allah kecuali seseorang yang keluar dengan jiwa dan hartanya kemudian dia tidak kembali lagi darinya.”
Imam Ahmad juga juga meriwayatkan dari Jabir, dari Nabi saw, beliau bersabda: “Sesungguhnya sepuluh hari itu adalah sepuluh hari ‘Idul Adh-ha. Yang ganjil adalah hari ‘Arafah dan yang genap adalah hari Nahar (kesepuluh).”
Diriwayatkan oleh an-Nasa-i juga diriwayatan oleh Ibnu Jarir dan Ibnu Abi Hatim dari hadits Zaid bin al-Hibab. Dan perawi-perawinya adalah laa ba’-sa biHim (bisa diterima). Dan menurut saya, matan (teks haditsnya) bukan dari Rasulullah saw. wallaaHu a’lam.
Firman Allah: wasy syaf’i wal watri (“Dan yang gelap dan yang ganjil”).  Mengenai hal ini telah dikemukakan sebuah hadits yang menjelaskan bahwa yang ganjil adalah hari Nahar yang jatuh pada hari kesepuluh. Dan dalam kitab ash-Shahihain disebutkan hadits dari riwayat Abu Hurairah, dari Rasulullah saw: “Sesungguhnya Allah mempunyai sembilan puluh sembilan nama, seratus kurang satu. Barangsiapa yang menghitungnya, maka dia akan masuk surga. Dan Dia  itu ganjil dan menyukai yang ganjil.”
Al-Hasan al-Bashri dan Zaid bin Aslam mengatakan: “Makhluk ini secara keseluruhan adalah genap dan ganjil, dimana Allah telah bersumpah dengan ciptaan-Nya.” Dan mengenai firmannya: wasy syaf’i wal watri (“Dan yang gelap dan yang ganjil”) al-Aufi meriwayatkan dari Ibnu ‘Abbas, dia mengatakan: “Allah itu ganjil dan esa sedangkan kalian itu genap.”
Firman Allah: wal laili idzaa yasri (“Dan malam bila berlalu”). Al-Aufi meriwayatkan dari Ibnu ‘Abbas, dia mengatakan: “Yakni jika telah pergi.” Dan mungkin juga yang dimaksud adalah jika berjalan, yakni berangkat. Dan ada yang mengatakan bahwa ini adalah lebih tepat, karena ia dalam posisi berseberangan dengan firman-Nya: wal fajri (“Demi fajar”). Karena waktu fajar adalah beranjaknya waktu siang dan berakhirnya waktu malam.
Jika firman Allah: wal laili idzaa yasri (“Dan malam bila berlalu.”) diartikan beranjaknya waktu malam, maka hal itu terbagi menjadi: beranjakknya waktu malam dan berakhirnya waktu siang, dan juga sebaliknya, sama seperti firman Allah Ta’ala: wal laili idzaa ‘as ‘as. Wash shub-hi idzaa tanaffas (“Demi malam apabila telah hamper meninggalkan gelapnya. Dan demi shubuh apabila fajarnya mulai menyingsing.”) (at-Takwiir: 17-18). Demikian pula yang disampaikan adl-Dlahhak.
Firman-Nya: half ii dzaalika qasamul lidzii hijr (“Pada yang demikian itu terdapat sumpah [yang dapat diterima] oleh orang-orang yang berakal.”) yaitu orang-orang yang mempunyai akal dan berisi. Akal tersebut juga dengan sebutan al-hijr karena ia dapat mencegah manusia melakukan hal-hal yang tidak pantas untuk dilakukan, baik itu dalam bentuk perbuatan maupun ucapan. Sumpah ini berkaitan dengan waktu-waktu ibadah dan ibadah itu sendiri, yang terdiri dari haji, shalat, dan berbagai macam ibadah lainnya  dari sarana yang bisa dipergunakan oleh hamba-hamba yang bertakwa lagi taat untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah, takut lagi tawadlu serta khusyu’ di hadapan wajah-Nya yang mulia untuk mendekatkan diri kepada-Nya.
Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Surah Al-Fajr (Fajar)
Surah Makkiyyah; Surah ke 89: 30 ayat

Setelah menceritakan orangg-orang itu serta ibadah dan ketaatan mereka, selanjutnya Allah berfirman: a lam tara kaifa fa’ala rabbuka bi-‘aad. Irama dzaatil ‘imaad (“Apakah kamu tidak memperhatikan bagaimana rabbmu berbuat terhadap kaum ‘Aad [yaitu] penduduk Iram  yang mempunyai bangunan tinggi?”) mereka itu  adalah kaum ‘Aad dari generasi pertama, yaitu putera ‘Aad Ibnu Iram Ibnu ‘Uush bin Saam bin Nuh. Demikian yang dikemukakan oleh Ibnu Ishaq. Mereka itu adalah kaum yang kepadanya Allah mengutus Rasul-Nya, Huud a.s. tetapi mereka mendustakan dan menantangnya, lalu Allah menyelamatkannya dari mereka bersama orang-orang yang beriman kepadanya, kemudian membinasakan selain mereka dengan angin yang berhembus  sangat dingin lagi sangat kencang yang ditimpakan kepada mereka selama tujuh malam delapan hari secara terus menerus, sehingga engkau dapat melihat kaum ‘Aad pada waktu itu mati bergelimpangan seakan-akan mereka itu tanggul –tanggul pohon kurma yang telah lapuk. Dan Allah Ta’ala telah menyebutkan kisah mereka di dalam al-Qur’an dan tempat-tempat lainnya agar orang Mukmin dapat menjadikan  pelajaran dari peristiwa kebinasaan mereka itu. Dengan demikian, firman Allah Ta’ala: irama dzaatil ‘imaad (“[yaitu] penduduk Iram yang mempunyai bangunan yang tinggi.”) merupakan ‘athaf bayan untuk menambah pengenalan terhadap mereka.
Firman Allah: dzaatil ‘imaad (“Bangunan yang tinggi”) karena mereka tinggal di rumah-rumah bulu yang ditinggikan dengan tiang-tiang yang kokoh. Mereka itu adalah orang-orang yang berperangai paling kasar dan paling kuat pada zamannya. Allatii lam yukhlaq mitsluHaa fil bilaad (“Yang belum pernah dibangun [suatu kota] seperti itu, di negeri-negeri lain.”) artinya, sebelumnya tidak ada kabilah di negeri mereka yang diciptakan menyerupai mereka, karena kekuatan, kekasaran, dan besarnya struktur tubuh mereka. Muhahid mengatakan: “Iram adalah umat terdahulu, yaitu kaum ‘Aad generasi pertama.” Qatadah bin Di’amah dan as-Suddi mengemukakan: “Sesungguhnya Iram adalah rumah kerajaan ‘Aad.” Hal itu juga  menjadi pendapat yang  cukup jayyid, lagi kuat. Muhahid, Qatadah, dan al-Kullabi berkata tentang firman Allah: dzaatil ‘imaad: “Mereka adalah penduduk yang berpindah-pindah dan tidak menetap.” Dan firman Allah: Allatii lam yukhlaq mitsluHaa fil bilaad (“Yang belum pernah dibangun [suatu kota] seperti itu, di negeri-negeri lain.”) Ibnu Zaid mengembalikan dlamir [kata ganti] pada kata al-‘imaad karena ketinggiannya. Lebih lanjut ia menyebutkan bahwa mereka mendirikan tiang-tiang dari pasir yang belum pernah didirikan bangunan seperti itu di negeri lain. Sedangkan Qatadah dan Ibnu Jarir mengembalikan kata ganti itu kepada kabilah. Artinya, belum pernah diciptakan makhluk seperti kabilah tersebut di negeri-negeri lain pada zaman mereka. Dan pendapat inilah yang benar. Sedangkan pendapat Ibnu Zaid dan orang-orang yang sependapat dengannya adalah lemah. Sebab jika yang dimaksud adalah hal tersebut, niscaya Dia akan mengatakan: “Yang belum pernah dikerjakan seperti itu di negeri-negeri lain.” Tetapi Dia mengatakan: Allatii lam yukhlaq mitsluHaa fil bilaad (“Yang belum pernah dibangun [suatu kota] seperti itu, di negeri-negeri lain.”)
Karenanya, setelah itu Dia mengatakan: wa tsamuudal ladziina jaabush shakhra bil waad (“Dan kaum Tsamud yang memotong batu-batu yang besar di lembah.”) yakni mereka memotong batu-batu di lembah. Ibnu ‘Abbas mengatakan: “Mereka memahat dan membakarnya.” Demikianlah Muhahid, Qatadah, adl-Dlahhak, dan Ibnu Zaid berpendapat. Darinya disebut orang-orang mujtabii an-namaar jika mereka membakarnya dan ijtaaba ats-tsaub jika dia membukanya dan darinya juga terkandung al-jaib (kantong). Dan Allah berfirman: wa tanhituuna minal jibaali buyuutan faariHiin (“Dan kamu pahat sebagian dari gunung-gunung untuk dijadikan rumah-rumah dengan rajin.”) (asy-Syu’araa: 149)
Ibnu Ishaq mengatakan: “Mereka itu adalah orang-orang Arab. Dan tempat tinggal mereka adalah di lembah al-Qura.”
Firman Allah: wa fir’auna dzil autaad (“Dan kaum Fir’aun  yang mempunyai pasak-pasak [tentara yang banyak].”) al-‘Aufi meriwayatkan dari Ibnu ‘Abbas: “Yang dimaksud dengan kata al-Autaad adalah bala tentara yang memberi dukungan kepadanya.” Ada juga yang mengatakan: “Fir’aun biasa mengikat tangan dan kaki mereka di tiang-tiang yang terbuat dari besi dan dengannya dia menggantung mereka.”  Demikian yang disampaikan oleh Mujahid.
Dan firman Allah: alladziina thaghaw fil bilaad. Fa aktsaruu fiihal fasaad (“Yang berbuat sewenang-wenang dalam negerinya,  lalu mereka berbuat banyak kerusakan dalam negeri itu.”) artinya mereka ingkar, melampaui batas, lagi menyebar kerusakan di bumi dan gangguan kepada manusia. Fashabba ‘alaiHim rabbuka sautha ‘adzaab (“Karena itu Rabb-mu menimpakan kepada mereka cemeti adzab”) yakni Dia  menurunkan adzab dari langit kepada mereka dan menimpakan hukuman kepada mereka, yang tidak akan dapat dihentikan dari orang-orang yang berdosa itu.
Firman Allah: inna rabbaka labil mirshaad (“Sesungguhnya Rabb-mu benar-benar mengawasi.”) Ibnu ‘Abbas mengatakan: “Mendengar dan melihat, yakni senantiasa mengawasi hamba-hamba-Nya atas apa yang mereka kerjakan dan memberikan balasan kepada  masing-masing sesuai dengan usahanya di dunia dan akhirat. Dan semua  makhluk akan diperlihatkan ke hadapan-Nya lalu diberikan keputusan berdasarkan keadilan-Nya dan masing-masing akan menerima apa yang selayaknya mereka terima. Dan Dia Mahasuci dari kedzaliman dan kesewenangan.
Tafsir Ibnu Katsir Surah Al-Fajr (Fajar)
Surah Makkiyyah; Surah ke 89: 30 ayat

tulisan arab alquran surat al fajr ayat 15-20“15. Adapun manusia apabila Tuhannya mengujinya lalu Dia dimuliakan-Nya dan diberi-Nya kesenangan, Maka Dia akan berkata: “Tuhanku telah memuliakanku”. 16. Adapun bila Tuhannya mengujinya lalu membatasi rizkinya Maka Dia berkata: “Tuhanku menghinakanku” 17. sekali-kali tidak (demikian), sebenarnya kamu tidak memuliakan anak yatim, 18. dan kamu tidak saling mengajak memberi Makan orang miskin, 19. dan kamu memakan harta pusaka dengan cara mencampur baurkan (yang halal dan yang bathil), 20. dan kamu mencintai harta benda dengan kecintaan yang berlebihan.” (al-Fajr: 15-20)
Allah berfirman seraya mengingkari orang yang berkeyakinan, kalau memang Allah meluaskan rizky kepadanya adalah untuk mengujinya. Dengan demikian, dia meyakini bahwa semua itu dari Allah sebagai penghormatan baginya. Padahal tidak demikian. Tetapi yang demikian itu dimaksudkan untuk menguji dan sebagai cobaan baginya. Sebagaimana yang difirmankan Allah:  “Apakah mereka mengira bahwa harta dan anak-anak yang Kami berikan kepada mereka itu [berarti bahwa] Kami bersegera memberikan kebaikan-kebaikan kepada mereka? Tidak, sebenarnya mereka tidak sadar.” (al-Mu’minuun: 55-56)
Demikian juga pada sisi lain, jika Dia menguji, memberi cobaan, dan mempersempit riski, maka dia berkeyakinan bahwa hal tersebut sebagai penghinaan dari Allah untuk dirinya. Allah berfirman: kallaa (“sekali-sekali tidak”) artinya, masalahnya tidak seperti yang disangka, tidak dalam hal ini maupun hal lainnya. Sebab Allah memberikan harta kepada orang yang Dia cintai maupun kepada yang tidak dicintai-Nya. Sesungguhnya yang menjadi poros dalam hal tersebut adalah pada ketaatan kepada Allah pada masing-masing keadaan, dimana jika dia orang yang kaya, maka dia akan bersyukur kepada Allah atas hal tersebut dan jika dia orang yang miskin, maka dia akan senantiasa bersabar. Dan firman Allah: ballaa tukrimuunal yatiim (“Sebenarnya kamu tidak memuliakan anak yatim.”) di dalamnya terkandung perintah untuk memuliakan anak yatim, sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh Abu Dawud, Muhammad bin ash-Shabah bin Sufyan memberitahu kami, ‘Abdul ‘Aziz, yakni Ibnu Abi Hazim memberitahu kami, ayahku pernah memberitahuku tentang Sahl, yakni Ibnu Sa’id, bahwasannya Rasulullah saw. pernah bersabda: “Aku dan pengasuh anak yatim seperti dua jari ini di dalam surga.” Beliau mensejajarkan dan menggabungkan jari tengah dan jari telunjuk.
Wa laa tahaadl-dluuna ‘alaa tha’aamil miskiin (“Dan kamu tidak saling mengajak memberi makan orang miskin.”) yakni tidak memerintahkan untuk berbuat baik kepada kaum miskin serta memerintahkan sebagian mereka atas sebagian yang lainnya dalam hal tersebut. Wa ta’kuluunat turaatsa (“Dan kamu memakan harta pusaka.”) yakni harta warisan. ak-lal lammaa (“Dengan cara mencampur baurkan”) yakni berasal darimanapun harta itu diperoleh, baik dari yang halal maupun yang haram. Wa tuhibbuunal maala hubban jammaan (“Dan kamu mencintai harta benda dengan kecintaan yang berlebihan.”) yakni secara berlebih-lebihan. Sebagian lain menambahkan, secara keji.
tulisan arab alquran surat al fajr ayat 21-30“21. jangan (berbuat demikian). apabila bumi digoncangkan berturut-turut, 22. dan datanglah Tuhanmu; sedang Malaikat berbaris-baris. 23. dan pada hari itu diperlihatkan neraka Jahannam; dan pada hari itu ingatlah manusia, akan tetapi tidak berguna lagi mengingat itu baginya. 24. Dia mengatakan: “Alangkah baiknya kiranya aku dahulu mengerjakan (amal saleh) untuk hidupku ini”. 25. Maka pada hari itu tiada seorangpun yang menyiksa seperti siksa-Nya, 26. dan tiada seorangpun yang mengikat seperti ikatan-Nya. 27. Hai jiwa yang tenang. 28. Kembalilah kepada Tuhanmu dengan hati yang puas lagi diridhai-Nya. 29. Maka masuklah ke dalam jama’ah hamba-hamba-Ku, 30. masuklah ke dalam syurga-Ku.” (al-Fajr: 21-30)
Allah memberitahukan  tentang apa yang akan terjadi pada hari kiamat kelak berupa berbagai peristiwa yang sangat dasyat lagi menyeramkan, dimana Allah berfirman: kallaa (“Sekali-sekali tidak”) artinya benar-benar. Idzaa dukkatil ardlu dakkang dakkaa (“Apabila bumi diguncangkan berturut-turut”) yakni bumi dan gunung-gunung diratakan. Dan semua makhluk bangkit dari kuburan mereka masing-masing menuju ke hadapan-Nya. Wa jaa-a rabbuka (“Dan datanglah Rabb-mu”) untuk memberi keputusan di antara makhluk-makhluk-Nya. Dan itu berlangsung setelah mereka meminta syafaat kepada satu-persatu dari para rasul ulul ‘azmi. Dimana masing-masing rasul berkata kepada mereka: “Aku tidak berhak memberikan syafaat kepada kalian,” sehingga akhirnya perwakilannya berakhir kepada Nabi Muhammad sawa, dan beliau berkata: “Akulah yang berhak memberinya, akulah yang berhak memberinya.” Kemudian beliaupun pergi  dan memberi syafaat di hadapan Allah  Yang Mahatinggi supaya Dia datang untuk memberikan keputusan, maka Allah pun memberikan syafaat kepada beliau dalam hal tersebut. Dan itulah syafaat yang paling pertama, yaitu tempat yang terpuji, sebagaimana yang telah dijelaskan di dalam surah al-Irsraa’. Selanjutnya Rabb datang untuk memberikan keputusan seperti yang dikehendaki-Nya, dan para malaikat datang ke hadapan-Nya dalam keadaan berbaris rapi.
Firman Allah: wa jii-a yauma-idzim bijaHannam (“Dan pada hari itu diperlihatkan Neraka jahanam”) Imam Muslim bin al-Hajjaj meriwayatkan dalam kitab Shahihnya, dari ‘Abdullah, yakni bin Mas’ud, dia berkata: Rasulullah saw. bersabda: “Pada hari itu neraka jahanam akan dihadirkan, dimana neraka ini mempunyai tali kekang 70.000 buah. Setiap kekang dipegang oleh 70.000 malaikat, mereka menariknya.” (HR Muslim) demikian pula yang diriwayatkan oleh at-Tirmidzi.
Firman Allah: yauma-idziy yatadzakkarul ingsaanu (“Pada hari itu ingatlah manusia”) yakni amal perbuatannya dan apa yang telah dia kerjakan di masa lalu maupun yang dia kerjakan sebelum kematiannya. Wa annaa laHudz dzikraa (“Akan tetapi tidak berguna lagi mengingat itu baginya.”) artinya, bagaimana ingatan itu akan bermanfaat baginya. Yaquulu yaa laitanii qaddamtu lihayaatii (“Dia mengatakan: ‘Alangkah baiknya kiranya aku dahulu mengerjakan [amal shalih] untuk hidupku ini.”) yakni dia menyesali berbagai kemaksiatan yang pernah dia lakukan, jika dia dulu sebagai orang yang durhaka. Dan dia ingin terus-menerus menambah ketaatan jika dia dulu seorang yang taat.
Firman Allah: fayauma-idzil laa yu-‘adzdzibu ‘adzaabaHuu ahad (“Maka pada hari itu tidak ada seorangpun menyiksa seperti siksaan-Nya”) artinya tidak ada seorangpun yang siksaannya lebih keras daripada siksaan Allah  dan Dia timpakan kepada orang-orang yang bermaksiat kepada-Nya. Wa laa yuutsiqu wa tsaaqaHuu ahad (“Dan tidak ada seorangpun yang mengikat seperti ikatan-Nya”) maksudnya tidak ada seorangpun yang lebih kuat genggaman dan ikatannya melebihi ikatan Zabaniah [Malaikat] bagi orang-orang kafir kepada Rabb-nya. Semuanya itu hanya ditimpakan  kepada orang-orang jahat dan orang-orang dzalim dari makhluk-Nya. Sedangkan jiwa yang bersih lagi tenang, maka ia akan benar-benar merasa tenteram dan nyaman serta senantiasa  berputar  dalam lingkaran kebenaran. Maka dikatakan kepadanya: yaa ayyatuHan nafsul muth-ma-innaH. Irji-‘ii ilaa rabbiki (“Wahai jiwa yang tenang, kembalilah kepada Rabb-mu.”) yakni kehadapan-Nya dan pahala-Nya serta apa yang telah disediakan bagi hamba-Nya di surga. Raadliyah (“dengan hati yang puas”) yakni di dalam jiwanya, mardliyyaH (“lagi diridlai-Nya”) artinya  jiwa yang ridla kepada Allah dan Dia pun ridla kepadanya serta menjadikannya selalu ridla.
Fad-khulii fii ‘ibaadii (“Maka masuklah ke dalam jamaah hamba-hamba-Ku”) yakni ke dalam golongan mereka. Wad-khulii jannatii (“Dan masuklah ke dalam surga-Ku”) yang demikian itu dikatakan kepadanya saat sakaratul maut dan pada hari kiamat kelak, sebagaimana para malaikat menyampaikan berita gembira kepada orang mukmin ketika sakaratul maut dan ketika bangkit dari kuburnya. Maka demikian pula di sini. Sekian.

Surah 89 Al-Fajr - سورة الفجر (Dwibahasa)

0 Comments

Surah 89 Al-Fajr - سورة الفجر (Dwibahasa)



Recitation of Surat Al-Fajr in the PrayerPrintE-mail

An-Nasa'i recorded a narration from Jabir that Mu`adh prayed a prayer and a man came and joined him in the prayer. Mu`adh made the prayer long, so the man went and prayed (alone) at the side of the Masjid, and then left. When Mu`adh was informed of this he said, "(He is) a hypocrite.'' He (Mu`adh) then informed the Messenger of Allah of what happened. The Prophet then asked the young man (about it) and he replied, "O Messenger of Allah! I came to pray with him, but he made the prayer too long for me. So I left him and prayed at the side of the Masjid. Then I went to feed my she-camel.'' The Messenger of Allah then said,
«أَفَتَّانٌ يَا مُعَاذُ؟ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ مِنْ
﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى ﴾
﴿وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَـهَا ﴾
﴿وَالْفَجْرِ ﴾
﴿وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى ﴾»
(Are you causing trouble Mu`adh Why don't you recite (`Glorify the Name of your Lord the Most High'), (`By the sun and its brightness'), (`By the dawn'), (and (`By the night as it envelops'))
﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
﴿وَالْفَجْرِ- وَلَيالٍ عَشْرٍ- وَالشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ- وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ- هَلْ فِى ذَلِكَ قَسَمٌ لّذِى حِجْرٍ- أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ- إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ- الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ- وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُواْ الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ- وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِى الاْوْتَادِ- الَّذِينَ طَغَوْاْ فِى الْبِلَـدِ- فَأَكْثَرُواْ فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ- فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ- إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ-﴾
(1. By the dawn;) (2. And by the ten nights,) (3. And by the even and the odd.) (4. And by the night when it departs.) (5. Is there (not) in them sufficient proofs for men of understanding!) (6. Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad) (7. Iram of the pillars,) (8. The like of which were not created in the land) (9. And Thamud, who hewed out rocks in the valley) (10. And Fir`awn with Al-Awtad) (11. Who did transgress beyond bounds in the lands.) (12. And made therein much mischief.) (13. So, your Lord poured on them different kinds of severe torment.) (14. Verily, your Lord is Ever Watchful.)

The Explanation of Al-Fajr and what comes after itPrintE-mail
Concerning Al-Fajr, it is well known that it is the morning. This was said by `Ali, Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Mujahid and As-Suddi. It has been reported from Masruq and Muhammad bin Ka`b that Al-Fajr refers to the day of Sacrifice (An-Nahr) in particular, and it is the last of the ten nights. `The ten nights' refers to the (first) ten days of Dhul-Hijjah. This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Ibn Zubayr, Mujahid and others among the Salaf and the latter generations. It has been confirmed in Sahih Al-Bukhari from Ibn `Abbas that the Prophet said,
«مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ فِيهِنَّ مِنْ هذِهِ الْأَيَّام»
(There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days.) meaning the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah. They said, "Not even fighting Jihad in the way of Allah'' He replied,
«وَلَا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، إِلَّا رَجُلًا خَرَجَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ مِنْ ذلِكَ بِشَيْء»
(Not even Jihad in the way of Allah; except for a man who goes out (for Jihad) with his self and his wealth, and he does not return with any of that.)

Explanation of NightPrintE-mail
Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ ﴾
(And by the night when it departs.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "When it goes away.'' `Abdullah bin Zubayr said,
﴿وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ ﴾
(And by the night when it departs.) "As some parts of it remove other parts of it.'' Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Qatadah, and Malik who reported it from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd, they all said;
﴿وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ ﴾
(And by the night when it departs.) "When it moves along.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿هَلْ فِى ذَلِكَ قَسَمٌ لِّذِى حِجْرٍ ﴾
(There is indeed in them sufficient proofs for men with Hijr!) meaning, for he who possesses intellect, sound reasoning, understanding and religious discernment. The intellect has only been called Hijr because it prevents the person from doing that which is not befitting of him of actions and statement. From this we see the meaning of Hijr Al-Bayt because it prevents the person performing Tawaf from clinging the wall facing Ash-Sham. Also the term Hijr Al-Yamamah (the cage of the pigeon) is derived from this meaning (i.e., prevention). It is said, "Hajara Al-Hakim so-and-so (The judge passed a judgement preventing so-and-so),'' when his judgement prevents the person from his liberty (i.e., of freely utilizing his wealth). Allah says,
﴿وَيَقُولُونَ حِجْراً مَّحْجُوراً﴾
(And they will say: "Hijr Mahjur.'') (25:22) All of these examples are different cases but their meanings are quite similar. The oath that is referred to here is about the times of worship and the acts of worship themselves, such as Hajj, Salah and other acts of worship that Allah's pious, obedient, servants who fear Him and are humble before Him, seeking His Noble Face, perform in order to draw nearer to Him.

 

Mentioning the Destruction of `AdPrintE-mail
After mentioning these people, and their worship and obedience, Allah says,
﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ ﴾
(Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad) These were people who were rebellious, disobedient, arrogant, outside of His obedience, deniers of His Messengers and rejectors of His Scriptures. Thus, Allah mentions how He destroyed them, annihilated them and made them legends to be spoken of and an exemplary lesson of warning. He says,
﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ - إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ ﴾
(Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad Iram of the pillars,) These were the first people of `Ad. They were the descendants of `Ad bin Iram bin `Aws bin Sam bin Nuh. This was said by Ibn Ishaq. They are those to whom Allah sent His Messenger Hud. However, they rejected and opposed him. Therefore, Allah saved him and those who believed with him from among them, and He destroyed others with a furious, violent wind.
﴿سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَـنِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُوماً فَتَرَى الْقَوْمَ فِيهَا صَرْعَى كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٍ - فَهَلْ تَرَى لَهُم مِّن بَاقِيَةٍ ﴾
(Which Allah imposed on them for seven nights and eight days in succession, so that you could see men lying overthrown, as if they were hollow trunks of date palms! Do you see any remnants of them) (69: 7-8) Allah mentioned their story in the Qur'an in more than one place, so that the believers may learn a lesson from their demise. Allah then says,
﴿إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ ﴾
(Iram of the pillars.) This is an additional explanation that adds clarification who they actually were. Concerning His saying,
﴿ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ﴾
(of the pillars.) is because they used to live in trellised houses that were raised with firm pillars. They were the strongest people of their time in their physical stature, and they were the mightiest people in power. Thus, Hud reminded them of this blessing, and he directed them to use this power in the obedience of their Lord Who had created them. He said,
﴿وَاذكُرُواْ إِذْ جَعَلَكُمْ خُلَفَآءَ مِن بَعْدِ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَزَادَكُمْ فِى الْخَلْقِ بَسْطَةً فَاذْكُرُواْ ءَالآءَ اللَّهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾
(And remember that He made you successors after the people of Nuh and increased you amply in stature. So remember the graces from Allah so that you may be successful.)(7:69) Allah also said,
﴿فَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَاسْتَكْبَرُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَقَالُواْ مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِى خَلَقَهُمْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً﴾
(As for 'Ad, they were arrogant in the land without right, and they said: "Who is mightier than us in strength'' See they not that Allah Who created them was mightier in strength than them.) (41:15) And Allah says here,
﴿الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ ﴾
(The like of which were not created in the land) meaning, there had been none created like them in their land, due to their strength, power and their great physical stature. Mujahid said, "Iram was an ancient nation who were the first people of `Ad.'' Qatadah bin Di`amah and As-Suddi both said, "Verily, Iram refers to the House of the kingdom of `Ad.'' This latter statement is good and strong. Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ ﴾
(The like of which were not created in the land) Ibn Zayd considered the pronoun of discussion here to refer to the pillars, due to their loftiness. He said, "They built pillars among the hills, the likes of which had not been constructed in their land before.'' However, Qatadah and Ibn Jarir considered the pronoun of discussion to refer to the tribe (of `Ad), meaning that there was no tribe that had been created like this tribe in the land - meaning during their time. And this latter view is the correct position. The saying of Ibn Zayd and those who follow his view is a weak one, because if He intended that, He would have said "The like of which were not produced in the land.'' But He said:
﴿لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ﴾
(The like of which were not created in the land.) Then Allah says,
﴿وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُواْ الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ ﴾
(And Thamud, who hewed (Jabu) rocks in the valley) meaning, they cut the rocks in the valley. Ibn `Abbas said, "They carved them and they hewed them.'' This was also said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd. From this terminology it is said (in the Arabic language), "the hewing of leopard skin'' when it is torn, and "The hewing of a garment'' when it is opened. The word `Jayb' (pocket or opening in a garment) also comes from Jabu. Allah says,
﴿وَتَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتاً فَـرِهِينَ ﴾
(And you hew in the mountains, houses with great skill.) (26:149)

 

A Mention of Fir`awnPrintE-mail
Allah then says,
﴿وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِى الاٌّوْتَادِ ﴾
(And Fir`awn with Al-Awtad) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Al-Awtad are the armies who enforced his commands for him.'' It has also been said that Fir`awn used to nail their hands and their feet into pegs (Awtad) of iron that he would hang them from. A similar statement was made by Mujahid when he said, "He used to nail the people (up) on pegs.'' Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi all said the same thing. Allah said,
﴿الَّذِينَ طَغَوْاْ فِى الْبِلَـدِ - فَأَكْثَرُواْ فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ ﴾
(Who did transgress beyond bounds in the lands. And made therein much mischief.) meaning, they rebelled, were arrogant, and went about making corruption in the land, and harming the people.
﴿فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ ﴾
(So, your Lord poured on them different kinds of severe torment.) meaning, He sent down a torment upon them from the sky and caused them to be overcome by a punishment that could not be repelled from the people who were criminals.

 

The Lord is Ever WatchfulPrintE-mail
Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ ﴾
(Verily, your Lord is Ever Watchful.) Ibn `Abbas said, "He hears and He sees.'' This means that He watches over His creation in that which they do, and He will reward them in this life and in the Hereafter based upon what each of them strove for. He will bring all of the creation before Him and He will judge them with justice. He will requit each of them with that which he deserves, for He is far removed from injustice and tyranny.
﴿فَأَمَّا الإِنسَـنُ إِذَا مَا ابْتَلـهُ رَبُّهُ فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَنَعَّمَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّى أَكْرَمَنِ - وَأَمَّآ إِذَا مَا ابْتَلَـهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّى أَهَانَنِ - كَلاَّ بَل لاَّ تُكْرِمُونَ الْيَتِيمَ - وَلاَ تَحَاضُّونَ عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ - وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ أَكْلاً لَّمّاً - وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبّاً جَمّاً ﴾
(15. As for man, when his Lord tries him by giving him honor and bounties, then he says: "My Lord has honored me.'') (16. But when He tries him by straitening his means of life, he says: "My Lord has humiliated me!'') (17. But no! But you treat not the orphans with kindness and generosity!) (18. And urge not one another on the feeding of the Miskin!) (19. And you devour the Turath -- devouring with greed.) (20. And you love wealth with love Jamma.)

 

Wealth and Poverty are both a Test and Honor or Disgrace for the ServantPrintE-mail
Allah refutes man in his belief that if Allah gives Him abundant provisions to test him with it, it is out of His honor for him. But this is not the case, rather it is a trial and a test, as Allah says,
﴿أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمْ بِهِ مِن مَّالٍ وَبَنِينَ - نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِى الْخَيْرَتِ بَل لاَّ يَشْعُرُونَ ﴾
(Do they think that in wealth and children with which We enlarge them. We hasten unto them with good things. Nay, but they perceive not.) (23:55-56) Likewise, from another angle, if Allah tests him and tries him by curtailing his sustenance, he believes that is because Allah is humiliating him. As Allah says,
﴿كَلاَّ﴾
(But no!) meaning, the matter is not as he claims, neither in this nor in that. For indeed Allah gives wealth to those whom He loves as well as those whom He does not love. Likewise, He withholds sustenance from those whom He loves and those whom He does not love. The point is that Allah should be obeyed in either circumstance. If one is wealthy, he should thank Allah for that, and if he is poor, he should exercise patience.

 

From the Evil that the Servant does regarding WealthPrintE-mail
Allah said,
﴿بَل لاَّ تُكْرِمُونَ الْيَتِيمَ-
(But you treat not the orphans with kindness and generosity!) This contains the command to honor him (the orphan). Abu Dawud recorded from Sahl bin Sa`id that the Messenger of Allah said,
«أَنَا وَكَافِلُ الْيَتِيمِ كَهَاتَيْنِ فِي الْجَنَّة»
(The guardian of the orphan and I will be like these two in Paradise.) And he put his two fingers together - the middle finger and the index finger.
﴿وَلاَ تَحَاضُّونَ عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ-﴾
(And urge not one another on the feeding of the Miskin!) meaning, they do not command that the poor and the needy be treated with kindness, nor do they encourage each other to do so.
﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ﴾
(And you devour the Turath) meaning, the inheritance.
﴿أَكْلاً لَّمّاً﴾
(devouring with greed.) meaning, however they can get it, whether lawful or forbidden.
﴿وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبّاً جَمّاً ﴾
(And you love wealth with love Jamma.) meaning, in abundance. This increases some of them in their wickedness.
﴿كَلاَّ إِذَا دُكَّتِ الاٌّرْضُ دَكّاً دَكّاً - وَجَآءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفّاً صَفّاً - وَجِىءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الإِنسَـنُ وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى - يَقُولُ يلَيْتَنِى قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِى - فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لاَّ يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ - وَلاَ يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ - يأَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ - ارْجِعِى إِلَى رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةً - فَادْخُلِى فِى عِبَادِى - وَادْخُلِى جَنَّتِى ﴾
(21. Nay! When the earth is flatened, Dakkan Dakka.) (22. And your Lord comes with the angels in rows.) (23. And Hell will be brought near that Day. On that Day will man remember, but how will that remembrance avail him) (24. He will say: "Alas! Would that I had sent forth for my life!'') (25. So on that Day none will punish as He will punish.) (26. And none will bind as He will bind.) (27. "O tranquil soul!'') (28. "Come back to your Lord, -- well-pleased and well-pleasing!'') (29. "Enter then among My servants,'') (30. "And enter My Paradise!'')

 

On the Day of Judgement Everyone will be recompensed according to what He did of Good or EvilPrintE-mail
Allah informs of what will happen on the Day of Judgement of the great horrors. He says,
﴿كَلاَّ﴾
(Nay!) meaning, truly.
﴿إِذَا دُكَّتِ الاٌّرْضُ دَكّاً دَكّاً﴾
(When the earth is flatened, Dakkan Dakka.) meaning, the earth and the mountains will be flattened, leveled and made even, and the creatures will rise from their graves for their Lord.
﴿وَجَآءَ رَبُّكَ﴾
(And your Lord comes) meaning, for the session of Judgement between His creatures. This is after they requested the best of the Sons of Adam -- Muhammad -- to intercede with Allah. This will occur only after they have requested the other great Messengers, one after another. Yet, all of them will say, "I cannot do that for you.'' This will continue until the beseeching of the men reaches Muhammad , and he will say, "I will do it, I will do it.'' So he will go and seek to intercede with Allah as the session of Judgement will have come, and Allah will allow him to intercede for that (the Judgement). This will be the first of the intercessions, and it is the praiseworthy station that has already been discussed in Surat Subhan (Al-Isra'). So Allah will come for the session of Judgement as He wills, and the angels will also come, lined up in rows upon rows before Him. Then Allah says,
﴿وَجِىءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ﴾
(And Hell will be brought near that Day.) In his Sahih, Imam Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«يُؤْتَى بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَهَا سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ زِمَامٍ مَعَ كُلِّ زِمَام سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يَجُرُّونَهَا»
(Hell will be brought on near that Day and it will have seventy thousand leashes, and each leash will have seventy thousand angels pulling it.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded the same narration. Allah said:
﴿يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الإِنسَـنُ﴾
(On that Day will man remember,) meaning, his deeds, and what he did before in his past and recent times.
﴿وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى﴾
(but how will that remembrance avail him) meaning, how can remembrance then benefit him
﴿يَقُولُ يلَيْتَنِى قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِى ﴾
(He will say: "Alas! Would that I had sent forth for my life!'') meaning, if he was a disobedient person, he will be sorry for the acts of disobedience he committed. If he was an obedient person, he will wish that he performed more acts of obdedience. This is similar to what Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded from Muhammad bin Abi `Amirah, who was one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah . He said, "If a servant fell down on his face (in prostration) from the day that he was born until the day he died as an old man, in obedience to Allah, he would scorn this act on the Day of Judgement. He would wish to be returned to this life so that he could earn more reward and compensation.'' Allah then says,
﴿فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لاَّ يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ ﴾
(So on that Day none will punish as He will punish.) meaning, there is no one more severely punished than those whom Allah punishes for disobeying Him.
﴿وَلاَ يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ ﴾
(And none will bind as He will bind.) meaning, there is no one who is more severely punished and bound than those the Az-Zabaniyah punish the disbelievers in their Lord. This is for the criminals and the wrongdoers among the creatures. In reference to the pure and tranquil soul -- which is always at rest and abiding by the truth it will be said to it,
﴿يأَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ ارْجِعِى إِلَى رَبِّكِ﴾
(O tranquil soul! Come back to your Lord.) meaning, to His company, His reward and what He has prepared for His servants in His Paradise.
﴿رَّاضِيَةٍ﴾
(well-pleased) meaning, within itself.
﴿مَّرْضِيَّةً﴾
(well-pleasing.) meaning, pleased with Allah, and He will be pleased with it and gratify it.
﴿فَادْخُلِى فِى عِبَادِى ﴾
(Enter then among My servants,) meaning, among their ranks.
﴿وَادْخُلِى جَنَّتِى ﴾
(And enter My Paradise!) This will be said to it at the time of death and on the Day of Judgement. This is like the angels giving glad tiding to the believer at his time of death and when he rises from his grave. Likewise is this statement here. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Ibn `Abbas concerning Allah's statement,
﴿يأَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ - ارْجِعِى إِلَى رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةً ﴾
(O tranquil soul! Come back to your Lord, well-pleased and well-pleasing!) He said, "This Ayah was revealed while Abu Bakr was sitting (with the Prophet ). So he said, `O Messenger of Allah! There is nothing better than this!' The Prophet then replied,
«أَمَا إِنَّهُ سَيُقَالُ لَكَ هَذَا»
(This will indeed be said to you.)'' This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Fajr, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

  

Surah 89 Al-Fajr - سورة الفجر (English)

0 Comments

Surah 89 Al-Fajr - سورة الفجر (English)



Recitation of Surat Al-Fajr in the PrayerPrintE-mail

An-Nasa'i recorded a narration from Jabir that Mu`adh prayed a prayer and a man came and joined him in the prayer. Mu`adh made the prayer long, so the man went and prayed (alone) at the side of the Masjid, and then left. When Mu`adh was informed of this he said, "(He is) a hypocrite.'' He (Mu`adh) then informed the Messenger of Allah of what happened. The Prophet then asked the young man (about it) and he replied, "O Messenger of Allah! I came to pray with him, but he made the prayer too long for me. So I left him and prayed at the side of the Masjid. Then I went to feed my she-camel.'' The Messenger of Allah then said,
«أَفَتَّانٌ يَا مُعَاذُ؟ أَيْنَ أَنْتَ مِنْ
﴿سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الاّعْلَى ﴾
﴿وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَـهَا ﴾
﴿وَالْفَجْرِ ﴾
﴿وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى ﴾»
(Are you causing trouble Mu`adh Why don't you recite (`Glorify the Name of your Lord the Most High'), (`By the sun and its brightness'), (`By the dawn'), (and (`By the night as it envelops'))
﴿بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
﴿وَالْفَجْرِ- وَلَيالٍ عَشْرٍ- وَالشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ- وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ- هَلْ فِى ذَلِكَ قَسَمٌ لّذِى حِجْرٍ- أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ- إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ- الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ- وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُواْ الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ- وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِى الاْوْتَادِ- الَّذِينَ طَغَوْاْ فِى الْبِلَـدِ- فَأَكْثَرُواْ فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ- فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ- إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ-﴾
(1. By the dawn;) (2. And by the ten nights,) (3. And by the even and the odd.) (4. And by the night when it departs.) (5. Is there (not) in them sufficient proofs for men of understanding!) (6. Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad) (7. Iram of the pillars,) (8. The like of which were not created in the land) (9. And Thamud, who hewed out rocks in the valley) (10. And Fir`awn with Al-Awtad) (11. Who did transgress beyond bounds in the lands.) (12. And made therein much mischief.) (13. So, your Lord poured on them different kinds of severe torment.) (14. Verily, your Lord is Ever Watchful.)

The Explanation of Al-Fajr and what comes after itPrintE-mail
Concerning Al-Fajr, it is well known that it is the morning. This was said by `Ali, Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Mujahid and As-Suddi. It has been reported from Masruq and Muhammad bin Ka`b that Al-Fajr refers to the day of Sacrifice (An-Nahr) in particular, and it is the last of the ten nights. `The ten nights' refers to the (first) ten days of Dhul-Hijjah. This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Ibn Zubayr, Mujahid and others among the Salaf and the latter generations. It has been confirmed in Sahih Al-Bukhari from Ibn `Abbas that the Prophet said,
«مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ فِيهِنَّ مِنْ هذِهِ الْأَيَّام»
(There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days.) meaning the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah. They said, "Not even fighting Jihad in the way of Allah'' He replied,
«وَلَا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، إِلَّا رَجُلًا خَرَجَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ مِنْ ذلِكَ بِشَيْء»
(Not even Jihad in the way of Allah; except for a man who goes out (for Jihad) with his self and his wealth, and he does not return with any of that.)

Explanation of NightPrintE-mail
Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ ﴾
(And by the night when it departs.) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "When it goes away.'' `Abdullah bin Zubayr said,
﴿وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ ﴾
(And by the night when it departs.) "As some parts of it remove other parts of it.'' Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Qatadah, and Malik who reported it from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd, they all said;
﴿وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ ﴾
(And by the night when it departs.) "When it moves along.'' Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿هَلْ فِى ذَلِكَ قَسَمٌ لِّذِى حِجْرٍ ﴾
(There is indeed in them sufficient proofs for men with Hijr!) meaning, for he who possesses intellect, sound reasoning, understanding and religious discernment. The intellect has only been called Hijr because it prevents the person from doing that which is not befitting of him of actions and statement. From this we see the meaning of Hijr Al-Bayt because it prevents the person performing Tawaf from clinging the wall facing Ash-Sham. Also the term Hijr Al-Yamamah (the cage of the pigeon) is derived from this meaning (i.e., prevention). It is said, "Hajara Al-Hakim so-and-so (The judge passed a judgement preventing so-and-so),'' when his judgement prevents the person from his liberty (i.e., of freely utilizing his wealth). Allah says,
﴿وَيَقُولُونَ حِجْراً مَّحْجُوراً﴾
(And they will say: "Hijr Mahjur.'') (25:22) All of these examples are different cases but their meanings are quite similar. The oath that is referred to here is about the times of worship and the acts of worship themselves, such as Hajj, Salah and other acts of worship that Allah's pious, obedient, servants who fear Him and are humble before Him, seeking His Noble Face, perform in order to draw nearer to Him.

 

Mentioning the Destruction of `AdPrintE-mail
After mentioning these people, and their worship and obedience, Allah says,
﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ ﴾
(Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad) These were people who were rebellious, disobedient, arrogant, outside of His obedience, deniers of His Messengers and rejectors of His Scriptures. Thus, Allah mentions how He destroyed them, annihilated them and made them legends to be spoken of and an exemplary lesson of warning. He says,
﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ - إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ ﴾
(Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad Iram of the pillars,) These were the first people of `Ad. They were the descendants of `Ad bin Iram bin `Aws bin Sam bin Nuh. This was said by Ibn Ishaq. They are those to whom Allah sent His Messenger Hud. However, they rejected and opposed him. Therefore, Allah saved him and those who believed with him from among them, and He destroyed others with a furious, violent wind.
﴿سَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَـنِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُوماً فَتَرَى الْقَوْمَ فِيهَا صَرْعَى كَأَنَّهُمْ أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ خَاوِيَةٍ - فَهَلْ تَرَى لَهُم مِّن بَاقِيَةٍ ﴾
(Which Allah imposed on them for seven nights and eight days in succession, so that you could see men lying overthrown, as if they were hollow trunks of date palms! Do you see any remnants of them) (69: 7-8) Allah mentioned their story in the Qur'an in more than one place, so that the believers may learn a lesson from their demise. Allah then says,
﴿إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ ﴾
(Iram of the pillars.) This is an additional explanation that adds clarification who they actually were. Concerning His saying,
﴿ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ﴾
(of the pillars.) is because they used to live in trellised houses that were raised with firm pillars. They were the strongest people of their time in their physical stature, and they were the mightiest people in power. Thus, Hud reminded them of this blessing, and he directed them to use this power in the obedience of their Lord Who had created them. He said,
﴿وَاذكُرُواْ إِذْ جَعَلَكُمْ خُلَفَآءَ مِن بَعْدِ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَزَادَكُمْ فِى الْخَلْقِ بَسْطَةً فَاذْكُرُواْ ءَالآءَ اللَّهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ﴾
(And remember that He made you successors after the people of Nuh and increased you amply in stature. So remember the graces from Allah so that you may be successful.)(7:69) Allah also said,
﴿فَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَاسْتَكْبَرُواْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَقَالُواْ مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِى خَلَقَهُمْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً﴾
(As for 'Ad, they were arrogant in the land without right, and they said: "Who is mightier than us in strength'' See they not that Allah Who created them was mightier in strength than them.) (41:15) And Allah says here,
﴿الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ ﴾
(The like of which were not created in the land) meaning, there had been none created like them in their land, due to their strength, power and their great physical stature. Mujahid said, "Iram was an ancient nation who were the first people of `Ad.'' Qatadah bin Di`amah and As-Suddi both said, "Verily, Iram refers to the House of the kingdom of `Ad.'' This latter statement is good and strong. Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ ﴾
(The like of which were not created in the land) Ibn Zayd considered the pronoun of discussion here to refer to the pillars, due to their loftiness. He said, "They built pillars among the hills, the likes of which had not been constructed in their land before.'' However, Qatadah and Ibn Jarir considered the pronoun of discussion to refer to the tribe (of `Ad), meaning that there was no tribe that had been created like this tribe in the land - meaning during their time. And this latter view is the correct position. The saying of Ibn Zayd and those who follow his view is a weak one, because if He intended that, He would have said "The like of which were not produced in the land.'' But He said:
﴿لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ﴾
(The like of which were not created in the land.) Then Allah says,
﴿وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُواْ الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ ﴾
(And Thamud, who hewed (Jabu) rocks in the valley) meaning, they cut the rocks in the valley. Ibn `Abbas said, "They carved them and they hewed them.'' This was also said by Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Zayd. From this terminology it is said (in the Arabic language), "the hewing of leopard skin'' when it is torn, and "The hewing of a garment'' when it is opened. The word `Jayb' (pocket or opening in a garment) also comes from Jabu. Allah says,
﴿وَتَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتاً فَـرِهِينَ ﴾
(And you hew in the mountains, houses with great skill.) (26:149)

 

A Mention of Fir`awnPrintE-mail
Allah then says,
﴿وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِى الاٌّوْتَادِ ﴾
(And Fir`awn with Al-Awtad) Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "Al-Awtad are the armies who enforced his commands for him.'' It has also been said that Fir`awn used to nail their hands and their feet into pegs (Awtad) of iron that he would hang them from. A similar statement was made by Mujahid when he said, "He used to nail the people (up) on pegs.'' Sa`id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi all said the same thing. Allah said,
﴿الَّذِينَ طَغَوْاْ فِى الْبِلَـدِ - فَأَكْثَرُواْ فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ ﴾
(Who did transgress beyond bounds in the lands. And made therein much mischief.) meaning, they rebelled, were arrogant, and went about making corruption in the land, and harming the people.
﴿فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ ﴾
(So, your Lord poured on them different kinds of severe torment.) meaning, He sent down a torment upon them from the sky and caused them to be overcome by a punishment that could not be repelled from the people who were criminals.

 

The Lord is Ever WatchfulPrintE-mail
Concerning Allah's statement,
﴿إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ ﴾
(Verily, your Lord is Ever Watchful.) Ibn `Abbas said, "He hears and He sees.'' This means that He watches over His creation in that which they do, and He will reward them in this life and in the Hereafter based upon what each of them strove for. He will bring all of the creation before Him and He will judge them with justice. He will requit each of them with that which he deserves, for He is far removed from injustice and tyranny.
﴿فَأَمَّا الإِنسَـنُ إِذَا مَا ابْتَلـهُ رَبُّهُ فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَنَعَّمَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّى أَكْرَمَنِ - وَأَمَّآ إِذَا مَا ابْتَلَـهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّى أَهَانَنِ - كَلاَّ بَل لاَّ تُكْرِمُونَ الْيَتِيمَ - وَلاَ تَحَاضُّونَ عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ - وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ أَكْلاً لَّمّاً - وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبّاً جَمّاً ﴾
(15. As for man, when his Lord tries him by giving him honor and bounties, then he says: "My Lord has honored me.'') (16. But when He tries him by straitening his means of life, he says: "My Lord has humiliated me!'') (17. But no! But you treat not the orphans with kindness and generosity!) (18. And urge not one another on the feeding of the Miskin!) (19. And you devour the Turath -- devouring with greed.) (20. And you love wealth with love Jamma.)

 

Wealth and Poverty are both a Test and Honor or Disgrace for the ServantPrintE-mail
Allah refutes man in his belief that if Allah gives Him abundant provisions to test him with it, it is out of His honor for him. But this is not the case, rather it is a trial and a test, as Allah says,
﴿أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمْ بِهِ مِن مَّالٍ وَبَنِينَ - نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِى الْخَيْرَتِ بَل لاَّ يَشْعُرُونَ ﴾
(Do they think that in wealth and children with which We enlarge them. We hasten unto them with good things. Nay, but they perceive not.) (23:55-56) Likewise, from another angle, if Allah tests him and tries him by curtailing his sustenance, he believes that is because Allah is humiliating him. As Allah says,
﴿كَلاَّ﴾
(But no!) meaning, the matter is not as he claims, neither in this nor in that. For indeed Allah gives wealth to those whom He loves as well as those whom He does not love. Likewise, He withholds sustenance from those whom He loves and those whom He does not love. The point is that Allah should be obeyed in either circumstance. If one is wealthy, he should thank Allah for that, and if he is poor, he should exercise patience.

 

From the Evil that the Servant does regarding WealthPrintE-mail
Allah said,
﴿بَل لاَّ تُكْرِمُونَ الْيَتِيمَ-
(But you treat not the orphans with kindness and generosity!) This contains the command to honor him (the orphan). Abu Dawud recorded from Sahl bin Sa`id that the Messenger of Allah said,
«أَنَا وَكَافِلُ الْيَتِيمِ كَهَاتَيْنِ فِي الْجَنَّة»
(The guardian of the orphan and I will be like these two in Paradise.) And he put his two fingers together - the middle finger and the index finger.
﴿وَلاَ تَحَاضُّونَ عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ-﴾
(And urge not one another on the feeding of the Miskin!) meaning, they do not command that the poor and the needy be treated with kindness, nor do they encourage each other to do so.
﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ﴾
(And you devour the Turath) meaning, the inheritance.
﴿أَكْلاً لَّمّاً﴾
(devouring with greed.) meaning, however they can get it, whether lawful or forbidden.
﴿وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبّاً جَمّاً ﴾
(And you love wealth with love Jamma.) meaning, in abundance. This increases some of them in their wickedness.
﴿كَلاَّ إِذَا دُكَّتِ الاٌّرْضُ دَكّاً دَكّاً - وَجَآءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفّاً صَفّاً - وَجِىءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الإِنسَـنُ وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى - يَقُولُ يلَيْتَنِى قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِى - فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لاَّ يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ - وَلاَ يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ - يأَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ - ارْجِعِى إِلَى رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةً - فَادْخُلِى فِى عِبَادِى - وَادْخُلِى جَنَّتِى ﴾
(21. Nay! When the earth is flatened, Dakkan Dakka.) (22. And your Lord comes with the angels in rows.) (23. And Hell will be brought near that Day. On that Day will man remember, but how will that remembrance avail him) (24. He will say: "Alas! Would that I had sent forth for my life!'') (25. So on that Day none will punish as He will punish.) (26. And none will bind as He will bind.) (27. "O tranquil soul!'') (28. "Come back to your Lord, -- well-pleased and well-pleasing!'') (29. "Enter then among My servants,'') (30. "And enter My Paradise!'')

 

On the Day of Judgement Everyone will be recompensed according to what He did of Good or EvilPrintE-mail
Allah informs of what will happen on the Day of Judgement of the great horrors. He says,
﴿كَلاَّ﴾
(Nay!) meaning, truly.
﴿إِذَا دُكَّتِ الاٌّرْضُ دَكّاً دَكّاً﴾
(When the earth is flatened, Dakkan Dakka.) meaning, the earth and the mountains will be flattened, leveled and made even, and the creatures will rise from their graves for their Lord.
﴿وَجَآءَ رَبُّكَ﴾
(And your Lord comes) meaning, for the session of Judgement between His creatures. This is after they requested the best of the Sons of Adam -- Muhammad -- to intercede with Allah. This will occur only after they have requested the other great Messengers, one after another. Yet, all of them will say, "I cannot do that for you.'' This will continue until the beseeching of the men reaches Muhammad , and he will say, "I will do it, I will do it.'' So he will go and seek to intercede with Allah as the session of Judgement will have come, and Allah will allow him to intercede for that (the Judgement). This will be the first of the intercessions, and it is the praiseworthy station that has already been discussed in Surat Subhan (Al-Isra'). So Allah will come for the session of Judgement as He wills, and the angels will also come, lined up in rows upon rows before Him. Then Allah says,
﴿وَجِىءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ﴾
(And Hell will be brought near that Day.) In his Sahih, Imam Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah said,
«يُؤْتَى بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَهَا سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ زِمَامٍ مَعَ كُلِّ زِمَام سَبْعُونَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يَجُرُّونَهَا»
(Hell will be brought on near that Day and it will have seventy thousand leashes, and each leash will have seventy thousand angels pulling it.) At-Tirmidhi also recorded the same narration. Allah said:
﴿يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الإِنسَـنُ﴾
(On that Day will man remember,) meaning, his deeds, and what he did before in his past and recent times.
﴿وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى﴾
(but how will that remembrance avail him) meaning, how can remembrance then benefit him
﴿يَقُولُ يلَيْتَنِى قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِى ﴾
(He will say: "Alas! Would that I had sent forth for my life!'') meaning, if he was a disobedient person, he will be sorry for the acts of disobedience he committed. If he was an obedient person, he will wish that he performed more acts of obdedience. This is similar to what Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded from Muhammad bin Abi `Amirah, who was one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah . He said, "If a servant fell down on his face (in prostration) from the day that he was born until the day he died as an old man, in obedience to Allah, he would scorn this act on the Day of Judgement. He would wish to be returned to this life so that he could earn more reward and compensation.'' Allah then says,
﴿فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لاَّ يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ ﴾
(So on that Day none will punish as He will punish.) meaning, there is no one more severely punished than those whom Allah punishes for disobeying Him.
﴿وَلاَ يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ ﴾
(And none will bind as He will bind.) meaning, there is no one who is more severely punished and bound than those the Az-Zabaniyah punish the disbelievers in their Lord. This is for the criminals and the wrongdoers among the creatures. In reference to the pure and tranquil soul -- which is always at rest and abiding by the truth it will be said to it,
﴿يأَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ ارْجِعِى إِلَى رَبِّكِ﴾
(O tranquil soul! Come back to your Lord.) meaning, to His company, His reward and what He has prepared for His servants in His Paradise.
﴿رَّاضِيَةٍ﴾
(well-pleased) meaning, within itself.
﴿مَّرْضِيَّةً﴾
(well-pleasing.) meaning, pleased with Allah, and He will be pleased with it and gratify it.
﴿فَادْخُلِى فِى عِبَادِى ﴾
(Enter then among My servants,) meaning, among their ranks.
﴿وَادْخُلِى جَنَّتِى ﴾
(And enter My Paradise!) This will be said to it at the time of death and on the Day of Judgement. This is like the angels giving glad tiding to the believer at his time of death and when he rises from his grave. Likewise is this statement here. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded from Ibn `Abbas concerning Allah's statement,
﴿يأَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ - ارْجِعِى إِلَى رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةً ﴾
(O tranquil soul! Come back to your Lord, well-pleased and well-pleasing!) He said, "This Ayah was revealed while Abu Bakr was sitting (with the Prophet ). So he said, `O Messenger of Allah! There is nothing better than this!' The Prophet then replied,
«أَمَا إِنَّهُ سَيُقَالُ لَكَ هَذَا»
(This will indeed be said to you.)'' This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Fajr, and all praise and blessings are due to Allah.

  
 
back to top